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Golda Meir (born Golda Mabovitch; 3 May 1898 – 8 December 1978) was an Israeli politician, teacher, and kibbutznikit who served as the fourth Prime Minister of Israel from 1969 to 1974. She was Israel's first and only female head of government, the first female head of government in the Middle East, and the fourth elected female head of government or state in the world. Meir also served as labor minister and foreign minister.
She has been described as the "Iron Lady" of Israeli politics. She had a reputation for being down-to-earth and a persuasive speaker. Her oratory skills and command of English made her an extremely successful fundraiser during the critical early years of the new Israeli state.
Born in Kyiv in the Russian Empire, Meir immigrated to Wisconsin, United States as a child with her family in 1906. She was educated there and eventually became a teacher. After getting married, she and her husband emigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1921, settling on a kibbutz.
During her tenure as prime minister, Israel was caught off guard in the Yom Kippur War of 1973 and suffered severe losses in the first days of the war, before recovering and defeating the invading armies. Meir resigned the following year in response to public anger.
She died in 1978 of lymphoma.